n(Mg)/n(Al)=3的水滑石层板结构及层间距的阴离子调控

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3PW91方法在Lanl2dz水平上研究了镁铝摩尔比为3的水滑石层板分子簇模型[Mg30Al7(OH)72]9+的几何构型, 优化得到的结构参数和采用Reflex模块模拟得到的XRD图谱分别与实验观测结果相符, 由此确定了水滑石层板沿第三维方向的有序堆积, 该结构符合空间群R3m(166), 其晶胞参数a=1.2552 nm, c=2.3400 nm. 进一步构造了具有R3m空间群对称性的Mg-Al-CO32--LDH晶体结构模型, 选取其中的簇模型, 经优化得到了一种稳定构型, 脱除结晶水的水滑石层间距为0.7260 nm, 键参数的变化表明碳酸根离子与层板间存在较强的超分子作用.     

高1, 4-结构端羟基聚异戊二烯遥爪聚合物的合成

本文采用保护基团引发剂法在环己烷溶剂中通过阴离子聚合合成双端羟基聚异戊二烯,并通过GPC、IR、1H NMR、羟值分析方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,聚合物有高的1,4-结构含量,同时聚合物的分子量大小可以控制、分子量分布窄、官能度接近2。     

神华煤液化油窄馏分的临界性质

引入Aspen Plus软件,用COAL LIQ模块计算得到神华煤液化油300℃以前8个窄馏分的临界温度、临界压力、临界体积。同时利用MXXC基团贡献法,以GC MS数据为基准对8个馏分的临界性质进行验证计算。结果表明,计算结果与利用化学结构法测定的基本一致。随馏出温度的提高,馏分临界温度逐渐升高,临界压力先升高再降低,临界体积先减小后增大,转折点出现在180℃~200℃馏分段。通过对化合物的结构分析表明,馏分中大量极性化合物的富集是造成计算数据点转折及跳跃的原因。为验证两种计算方法的一致性,引入斯米尔切诺夫统计检验法进行分析。结果表明,两种方法计算结果的总体分布函数在95%的置信区间内一致,表明对于计算临界性质,Aspen Plus计算方法可以代替基团贡献法估算法。此外,Aspen软件计算简便,其结果可为煤液化反应器的放大及过程优化直接引用。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析甲基苯基硅氧烷混合环体

用GC-MS对甲基苯基硅氧烷混合环体(Me2n-iPhiSinOn)样品进行分析,鉴定出了25个组分,其中包括甲基硅氧烷环体、含1个苯基的甲基硅氧烷环体以及含2个苯基的甲基硅氧烷环体。四甲基二苯基环三硅氧烷环体(Me4Ph2Si3O3)的2个异构体、六甲基二苯基环四硅氧烷环体(Me6Ph2Si4O4)的4个异构体都得到有效分离和归属,并且发现其各异构体的含量比例符合随机环化的理论值。同时对该混合环体的苯基/甲基比例以及苯基含量进行了计算,并得到氢谱的验证。     

Ultrafast quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in proteins: Interresidue and intrahelical electron transfer

Quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in proteins has been critical to the understanding of protein dynamics and enzyme reactions using tryptophan as a molecular optical probe. We report here our systematic examinations of potential quenching residues with more than 40 proteins. With site-directed mutation, we placed tryptophan to desired positions or altered its neighboring residues to screen quenching groups among 20 amino acid residues and of peptide backbones. With femtosecond resolution, we observed the ultrafast quenching dynamics within 100 ps and identified two ultrafast quenching groups, the carbonyl- and sulfur-containing residues. The former is glutamine and glutamate residues and the later is disulfide bond and cysteine residue. The quenching by the peptide-bond carbonyl group as well as other potential residues mostly occurs in longer than 100 ps. These ultrafast quenching dynamics occur at van der Waals distances through intraprotein electron transfer with high directionality. Following optimal molecular orbital overlap, electron jumps from the benzene ring of the indole moiety in a vertical orientation to the LUMO of acceptor quenching residues. Molecular dynamics simulations were invoked to elucidate various correlations of quenching dynamics with separation distances, relative orientations, local fluctuations and reaction heterogeneity. These unique ultrafast quenching pairs, as recently found to extensively occur in high-resolution protein structures, may have significant biological implications.     

Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)–poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer membranes for selective separation of CO2

A series of copolymers containing ether oxygen groups and amino groups were prepared based on N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMEMA) and polyethylene glycol methyl ether methyl acrylate (PEGMEMA). The effect of PEGMEMA content in the copolymer on density, free volume, mechanical performance, and H₂, CO₂, N₂ and CH₄ gas transport properties of the copolymer was determined. Free volume was characterized using the polymer density and group contribution theory. The permeability of the copolymer to CO₂ is high, and both the CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/H₂ selectivities are high. For example, the permeability coefficient of PDMAEMA–PEGMEMA-90 (“90” represents the weight percent of PEGMEMA) to CO₂ is 112 Barrer and the CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/H₂ selectivity coefficients are 31 and 7, respectively. The effect of the temperature on gas transport properties was also determined. Finally, the potential application of the copolymer membranes for CO₂/light gases separation was explored.     

含吡啶基金属-超分子聚合物研究进展

金属-超分子聚合物是由金属离子与配体之间的相互作用形成的,是一类具有多样化几何构造和拓扑结构的新型功能高分子,它包括线型、接枝、交联、树枝等多种骨架结构.金属-超分子聚合物具有光、电、磁等特性,因此潜在的应用前景非常广阔,不仅可以在生物医用、分子器件、纳米材料,还可以在催化化学反应及吸附储氢等领域获得应用.由于吡啶基团为常用配体,且近年含吡啶基团的金属-超分子聚合物研究最为广泛,最为代表性,因此,本文以聚合物结构分类对近几年含吡啶基团的金属-超分子聚合物的研究进展作了简要综述.     

含氰基基团的以C为中心的不对称阴离子离子液体的合成、表征及应用

首次通过不对称阴离子的钠盐/钾盐和不同的季胺化的咪唑,吡咯溴盐/氯盐进行离子交换,合成了一系列含氰基官能团的不对称阴离子功能化离子液体。通过红外、核磁共振、质谱和元素分析对离子液体的结构进行表征;通过TGA对离子液体的热稳定性进行测定,结果发现不对称功能化离子液体具有良好的热稳定性,其分解温度在219-319℃范围内。将功能化离子液体[Bmim][C(CN)2COCH3]作为弱配体应用于模型的Suzuki偶联反应,发现在反应中加入功能化离子液体[Bmim][C(CN)2COCH3]可以使反应收率提高10-15%。     

含杯芳烃聚合物的合成与应用

杯芳烃在主客体化学中是继冠醚和环糊精之后被广泛关注的第三代主体分子,能够选择性地与客体分子或离子形成络合物。近年来,含杯芳烃聚合物逐渐受到人们的重视。结合聚合物稳定性好,易于加工的特性,含杯芳烃聚合物将有望被开发成为新型功能高分子材料。本文详细介绍了含杯芳烃聚合物的合成及其应用。     

Exploiting Electrostatics To Generate Unsaturation: Oxidative GeE Bond Formation Using a Non π‐Donor Stabilized [R(L)Ge:]+ Cation

The two‐coordinate germanium cation [(IDipp){(Me₃Si)₂CH}Ge:]⁺ has been synthesized, which lacks π‐donor stabilization of the metal center and consequently has a very small HOMO–LUMO gap (187 kJ mol^?1). It undergoes a variety of facile oxidative bond‐forming reactions, most notably allowing access to the first examples of Group 14 metal cations containing M?E multiple bonds (E=C, N). The use of an electrostatic (rather than purely steric) strategy to discourage aggregation means that less bulky systems (for example, containing a primary alkylidene fragment, ?CHR) are accessible.